Originally published at 狗和留美者不得入内. You can comment here or there.
The Cayley-Hamilton theorem states that every square matrix over a commutative ring satisfies its own characteristic equation. That is, with the identity matrix, the characteristic polynomial of
Originally published at 狗和留美者不得入内. You can comment here or there.
The Cayley-Hamilton theorem states that every square matrix over a commutative ring satisfies its own characteristic equation. That is, with the identity matrix, the characteristic polynomial of
satisfies its own characteristic equation. That is, with 
the 
identity matrix, the characteristic polynomial of